Political extremism is a concern in many countries in the world. Political extremism — the advocacy or support for extreme political ideologies which are often characterized by radical views and actions that manifest in various forms including far-left or far-right ideologies, religious fundamentalism or militant nationalism and activities including the suppression of the opposition, targeted persecution of marginalized groups and acts of violence — leads to devastating outcomes in different countries. It undermines social cohesion, polarizes communities and threatens the principles of tolerance and inclusion in society, where different factions become increasingly divided and unwilling to find common ground. Among others, political extremism leads to a breakdown in diplomatic relations and hinders international cooperation.
But whether political extremism can be successfully addressed in different countries definitely remains questionable always. Even if it is possible to reduce political extremism, which has a long and complex history that dates back to ancient civilizations, to a tolerable extent in different countries, it is definitely impossible to completely end it. Notably, political extremism has been transforming rather than ending in the world. In ancient times, political extremism often arose from power struggles among ruling elites and the desire to expand territories. But in modern times, from the radical ideologies of the French Revolution to the rise of fascism or totalitarian regimes in Europe and to the emergence of radical ideologies in the Middle East in the 20th century, political extremism has adapted to different socio-political contexts.
Along with power struggle, political ideology based, socio-economic, geopolitical and other causes — some of which are impossible to be fully addressed — have been playing crucial roles in political extremism in different countries in Asia and other regions in the modern and post-modern world. But historical grievances, deep rooted ideological differences and political repression and marginalization are some notable causes of political extremism. Additionally, social and economic disparities, polarization, a lack of opportunities and corruption contribute to political extremism. Marginalized political parties, groups and individuals feel disillusioned with the existing political system and turn to extremist ideologies as a means of expressing their grievances. Among others, the rise of populist movements in different countries contributes to political extremism.
But the presence of divisive political rhetoric and a lack of compromise and cooperation between political parties and interests in resolving their political problems facilitates political extremism in different countries. While political extremism in the governments results in opposition repression, impedes social progress and hinders the implementation of policies that benefit the overall population, the presence of it among opposition parties or other groups leads to acts of violence in many countries. Additionally, the advanced mediums for spreading extremist ideologies, especially social media, which provides a platform for rapid spread and facilitates echo chambers that reinforce radical beliefs, political and religious, often plays a crucial role in political extremism in recent decades.
It is desired that political extremism be addressed. Though strict law enforcement and counter-terrorism measures are often considered by the governments and help combat politically extremist activities of the opposition or other parties, they are not successful in addressing political extremism — which exists among the governments, along with the opposition. Addressing political extremism consequently requires understanding its diverse causes, along with addressing grievances, putting emphasis on tolerance and promoting it within political parties are crucial in many countries. Additionally, fostering open dialogue and encouraging respectful discussions can help create a space for diverse perspectives to be heard, promoting empathy and understanding among individuals with differing political beliefs.
Among others, the emphasis needs to be given to the promotion and inclusion of liberal minded political leaders by political parties for addressing political extremism in different countries. Notably, these political leaders are often ignored by political parties in different countries, though they promote open dialogue, tolerance and inclusivity and strive to create a ground where diverse views are respected and valued, fostering a sense of understanding and empathy among parties, groups and individuals with differing political ideologies.
