Atrocities against civilians are rampant in Cameroon. According to multiple sources including the BBC, Amnesty International reports that government forces, separatists and ethnic militia are committing rampant atrocities in Cameroon. Several sorts of atrocities including executions, torture and rape have been committed in the North-West region since 2020. Definitely, the ongoing conflict between government forces and separatist armed groups — familiar as the Anglophone crisis which erupted in 2016 and deepened the divide between the English-speaking regions of Cameroon and the French-speaking majority—has resulted in widespread conflicts and human rights abuses, along with the significant loss of civilian lives and widespread displacement. But civilians residing in the Anglophone regions have mostly borne the brunt of the atrocities committed by several groups.
It is pertinently notable that the recent Cameroonian armed conflicts, which have a root in the struggle for independence from colonial rule and power struggle within the newly formed nation, have been going on in the country driven by political, ethnic, economic and other causes. Economic disparities and marginalization of certain regions, the lack of access to resources and opportunities and a lack of political representation for minority groups are crucial factors. The marginalization and negligence of the Anglophone minority led to grievances, demands for greater autonomy and recognition of their cultural identity and conflicts. The government’s response with repression, instead of the resolution of ethnic tensions, also aggravated the situation. External influence and interference from neighboring countries including armed groups from across borders have definitely played a significant role in exacerbating the existing conflicts and perpetuating atrocities in Cameroon.
Efforts have definitely been taken to end atrocities and conflicts. The United Nations, the African Union and other regional organizations have been actively engaged in holding dialogues between the government and separatist groups. Consequently, the conflicting parties held numerous peace talks and reached agreements including the 2020 ceasefire agreement. Along with fostering dialogues, local organizations and mediators also advocated for human rights protection. But several other factors — in addition to the root causes of conflicts — made conflict mitigation and atrocity addressing efforts less successful. The reluctance of all parties involved to engage in meaningful dialogue is another barrier. Additionally, the absence of effective conflict resolution mechanisms and the government’s preference for the heavy-handed approach to dealing with separatist groups allow grievances to fester.
It is desired that atrocities are ended and conflicts are resolved. But it is important to engage in meaningful dialogues and find solutions that respect the rights and aspirations of all Cameroonians. A good intention from all the parties is crucial for this. Pressures to all parties involved by the international community may help to cease hostilities immediately and engage in meaningful dialogues for a peaceful resolution. International intervention and mediation, which are limited, need to be strengthened. Addressing root causes is also crucial for ending the atrocities in Cameroon and establishing peace. The marginalization and grievances of marginalized communities need to be addressed. Emphasis also needs to be given to rebuilding trust among Cameroon’s diverse communities.
Amir M Sayem
Chief Editor
Dhaka Opinion Magazine
